Troubleshooting connection problems can be a challenge
because there are so many possible causes. First, try these steps:
- Run the Network troubleshooter to
Saturday, 6 June 2015
Wednesday, 3 June 2015
SETTING UP A HOME NETWORK
Before you start: To decide what type of network to set up or to find out what hardware and cables you need,
see What you need to set up a home network. That topic has information about the different types of
networks (also known as network technologies), as well as hardware requirements
for each type.
Once you know what type of network you want, and you have
the necessary hardware, there are four steps you might need to take:
- Install any necessary hardware.
- Set up an Internet connection (optional).
- Connect the computers.
- Run the Set Up a Network wizard (for wireless networks only).
Each of these steps is described in detail later in this
article.
Start by setting up just one computer to make sure the
network is working before you try to add additional computers or devices.
Note
- The information in this article is written for people who have a broadband connection—usually DSL, cable, or Fiber Optic Service (FiOS)—to the Internet rather than a dial-up connection. However, you don't need an Internet connection to set up a network.
STEPS TO FIND YOUR COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
What is ip
address ? An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label
assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer
network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves
two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location
addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates
what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get
there
How To Find My IP Address On A Mac
For Mac users, the question of how to find my IP address can be answered by opening up your Terminal program, and typing ''ifconfig'' at the prompt. (Terminal is a program that comes free and installed by default on every Macintosh, and is located in Applications, under the Utilities folder.)
{ }
Thursday, 28 May 2015
QUALITIES OF GOOD COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENT
- Communication and Quantitative Skills (PUL*)
- Critical Thinking and Problem Solving (PUL*)
- Detail Oriented
- Inquisitive
- Observational and Investigative Skills
- Professional Values and Ethics (PUL*)
- Team Oriented
- Understanding of Relationships and Interaction
Thursday, 14 May 2015
COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Motherboards
The most important part of any computer is the motherboard. As the name implies a motherboard is the mother of all other components in a computer.
The motherboard brings all the core components together such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory and Hard Disks. In short, the motherboard connects and allows all of the components in the computer to work together.
There are two different types of Motherboard: AT style and ATX style.
AT Motherboards
The AT-style motherboards represent the classic approach to component placement. AT-motherboards are available in two variations, the baby AT and the full AT. Both variations simply refer to the overall dimensions of the board.
AT Boards are generally found in older systems, typically those that use the now aged Pentium Processor. The Majority of AT motherboards had a single keyboard port soldered to the motherboard
The I/O ports (e.g. USB, COM and PS/2 ports) are separate from the motherboard and are placed on a riser card or separate headers.
To identify an AT motherboard first check the power connectors. AT Motherboards use two sets of 6-pin inline power connectors
Caution it is possible to plug these connectors in the wrong order and fuse the motherboard
ATX Motherboards
The ATX-style motherboards are a result of the industry’s push for standardization and are found in most systems today. Most modern computers contain an ATX motherboard. ATX boards can use Advanced Power Management.
Distinguished by having more than just one external connector ATX boards have Keyboard, Mouse, Serial, Parallel and USB connectors.
ATX boards can also be distinguished by the monoblock power connectors. Also available in micro ATX enabling the use of smaller cases.
Motherboard Components
There are two types of receivers for CPU’s
Zero insertion force or ZIF sockets. With a ZIF socket, before the CPU is inserted, a lever or slider on the side of the socket is moved, pushing all the sprung contacts apart so that the CPU can be inserted with very little force (generally the weight of the CPU itself is sufficient with no external downward force required). The lever is then moved back, allowing the contacts to close and grip the pins of the CPU, often with a fan attached for cooling.
Single Edged Contact (SEC) cartridge slot or Slot 1 seen on PII and PIIIs. Developed by Intel to add Cache memory for the processor cheaply. The processor is mounted on a Single Edge Connector Cartridge (SECC), much like a PCI slot, but with a 242-lead edge-connector.
Bridges
There are two main bridges on a motherboard the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Bridges control access to the processor from the peripherals.
The Northbridge, also known as the Memory Controller Hub (MCH), is traditionally one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard. The Northbridge typically controls communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP or PCI Express, and the Southbridge.. A Northbridge will typically work with only one or two classes of CPUs and generally only one type of RAM. There are a few chipsets that support two types of RAM (generally these are available when there is a shift to a new standard).
The Southbridge, also known as the I/O Controller Hub (ICH), is a chip that implements the “slower” capabilities of the motherboard in a Northbridge Southbridge chipset computer architecture. The Southbridge can usually be distinguished from the Northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the Northbridge ties the Southbridge to the CPU. The functionality found on a contemporary Southbridge includes:PCI bus, ISA bus, SMBus, DMA controller, Interrupt controller, IDE, (SATA or PATA) controller ,LPC Bridge, Real Time Clock, Power management (APM and ACPI) and Nonvolatile BIOS memory
BIOS Chips
The [[BIOS( Basic Input Output System)]] refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the computer. This process is known as booting up.
The BIOS is stored as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) program and is retained when the machine is turned off. Settings within the BIOS may be changed by the user and these changes are stored in the BIOS memory this is maintained by a trickle of charge from the BIOS battery.
Memory
SIMMS- Single Inline Memory Modules. An older type of memory only seen on very old motherboards came in 30 pin modules and 72 pin modules.
SDRAM chips are rated according to their maximum clock rate and their read cycle time. Common clock ratings include 66MHz, 100MHz, and 133MHz. Common read cycle times include 50ns and 60ns.
DDR SDRAM or double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of memory integrated circuit used in computers. It achieves greater bandwidth than ordinary SDRAM by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal (double pumped). This effectively nearly doubles the transfer rate without increasing the frequency of the front side bus.
Stick/module specification
PC-1600: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 100 MHz using DDR-200 chips, 1.600 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2100: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 133 MHz using DDR-266 chips, 2.133 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2700: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 166 MHz using DDR-333 chips, 2.667 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-3200: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 200 MHz using DDR-400 chips, 3.200 GByte/s bandwidth
Drive Connectors
Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)
[Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)]] connectors connect the motherboard, via a ribbon cable to various peripherals, the most common being hard drives and CD ROMs. On most boards there are 2 channels/connectors, each can have 2 devices attached giving a total of four IDE devices.
If one device is attached to a cable, it should be configured as the master. If two devices are attached to the same cable then one must be the master device and one the slave. Master and slave are configured by the use of jumpers. Jumpers are small, insulated sleeves with a contact inside used to complete a circuit
Hard Disks
Hard disks are used to store data in a non-volatile form within the machine. I.e. the data remains intact even if the power to the device is cut off. Data is stored as magnetic ones and zeros on a steel platen and is read by pickup arms that scan the drive as the platens spin
Most major hard drive and motherboard vendors now support self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.), by which impending failures can be predicted, allowing the user to be alerted to prevent data loss.The mostly sealed enclosure protects the drive internals from dust, condensation, and other sources of contamination. The hard disk’s read-write heads fly on an air bearing which is a cushion of air only nanometers above the disk surface. The disk surface and the drive’s internal environment must therefore be kept immaculate to prevent damage from fingerprints, hair, dust, smoke particles, etc., given the submicroscopic gap between the heads and disk.
Floppy Disks
The floppy disc controller is generally situated near the IDE controllers and in fact looks like a small IDE slot
The ribbon has a twist and the first floppy drive (A: drive) should be placed after the twist if the cable has more than three connectors. If the cable is really old it may have a connector for a 5 1/4 Floppy drive.
SCSI
SCSI stands for “Small Computer System Interface”, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape storage devices, but also connects a wide range of other devices, including scanners, printers, CD-ROM drives, CD recorders, and DVD drives. In fact, the entire SCSI standard promotes device independence, which means that theoretically SCSI can be used with any type of computer hardware.
On a parallel SCSI bus, a device (e.g. host adapter, disk drive) is identified by a “SCSI ID”, which is a number in the range 0-7 on a narrow bus and in the range 0-15 on a wide bus.
SATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk. It is the successor to the legacy AT Attachment standard (ATA). This older technology was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from Serial ATA. Both SATA and PATA drives are IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, although IDE is often misused to indicate PATA drives.
The two SATA interfaces, SATA/150, runs at 1.5 GHz resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 1.2 Gigabits per second (Gb/s), or 150 megabytes per second (MB/s). SATA II 3Gb/s resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 2.4 Gb/s, or 300 MB/s.
Motherboard Slots
To add more functionality to a computer, cards such as network or video cards can be added. Sometimes these functions are built into the motherboard. There are several types of expansion slots:
The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) The PCI bus is common in modern PCs, where it has displaced ISA as the standard expansion bus, but it also appears in many other computer types.
PCI 2 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers peak transfer rate of 133 MB per second for 32-bit bus
PCI 2.2 allows for 66 MHz signalling (requires 3.3 volt signalling) (peak transfer rate of 503 MB/s) PCI 2.3 permitted use of 3.3 volt and universal keying, but did not support 5 volt keyed add in cards.
PCI 3.0 is the final official standard of the bus, completely removing 5 volt support.
ISA/EISA; Industry Standard Architecture and Extended Industry Standard Architecture An older type of bus connector. Considered obsolete
PCI Express, PCIe, or PCI-E is an implementation of the PCI computer bus that uses existing PCI programming concepts, but bases it on a completely different and much faster serial physical-layer communications protocol. PCIe transfers data at 250 MB/s (238 MiB/s), per channel to a maximum of 16 channels, a total combined transfer rate of 4GB/s (3.7 GiB/s). Almost all of the high end graphics cards being released today use PCI Express. NVIDIA uses the high-speed data transfer of PCIe for its newly developed Scalable Link Interface (SLI) technology, which allows two graphics cards of the same chipset and model number to be run at the same time, allowing increased performance.
The Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. AGP is slowly being phased out in favour of PCI Express.
AGP 1x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s), doubled from the 133 MB/s transfer rate of PCI bus 33 MHz / 32-bit; 3.3 V signaling.
AGP 2x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz double pumped to an effective 133 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 533 MB/s; signaling voltages the same as AGP 1x;
AGP 4x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz quad pumped to an effective 266 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 1066 MB/s (1 GB/s); 1.5 V signaling;
AGP 8x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz, strobing eight times per clock, delivering an effective 533 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 2133 MB/s (2 GB/s); 0.8 V signaling.
Peripheral Connections
There are a number of ports on the motherboard for the connection of additional devices:.
Serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals or modems. Mice, keyboards, and other peripheral devices also connected in this way.
Parallel ports are most often used to communicate with peripheral devices. The most common kind of parallel port is a printer port, such as a Centronics connector based port which transfers eight bits at a time. Disk drives are also connected via special parallel ports, such as those used by the SCSI and ATA technlogies. However, when people refer to a parallel port, they are usually referring to a printer port, either on a printer or a PC.
A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained devices. Additional USB hubs may be included in the chain, allowing branching into a tree structure, subject to a limit of 5 levels of branching per controller. No more than 127 devices, including the bus devices, may be connected to a single host controller. Modern computers often have several host controllers, allowing a very large number of USB devices to be connected. USB cables do not need to be terminated.
USB supports three data rates.
A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s (183 KiB/s) that is mostly used for Human Interface Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks.
A Full Speed rate of 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MiB/s). Full Speed was the fastest rate before the USB 2.0 specification and many devices fall back to Full Speed. Full Speed devices divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-served basis and it is not uncommon to run out of bandwidth with several isochronous devices. All USB Hubs support Full Speed.
A Hi-Speed rate of 480 Mbit/s (57 M
The most important part of any computer is the motherboard. As the name implies a motherboard is the mother of all other components in a computer.
The motherboard brings all the core components together such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory and Hard Disks. In short, the motherboard connects and allows all of the components in the computer to work together.
There are two different types of Motherboard: AT style and ATX style.
AT Motherboards
The AT-style motherboards represent the classic approach to component placement. AT-motherboards are available in two variations, the baby AT and the full AT. Both variations simply refer to the overall dimensions of the board.
AT Boards are generally found in older systems, typically those that use the now aged Pentium Processor. The Majority of AT motherboards had a single keyboard port soldered to the motherboard
The I/O ports (e.g. USB, COM and PS/2 ports) are separate from the motherboard and are placed on a riser card or separate headers.
To identify an AT motherboard first check the power connectors. AT Motherboards use two sets of 6-pin inline power connectors
Caution it is possible to plug these connectors in the wrong order and fuse the motherboard
ATX Motherboards
The ATX-style motherboards are a result of the industry’s push for standardization and are found in most systems today. Most modern computers contain an ATX motherboard. ATX boards can use Advanced Power Management.
Distinguished by having more than just one external connector ATX boards have Keyboard, Mouse, Serial, Parallel and USB connectors.
ATX boards can also be distinguished by the monoblock power connectors. Also available in micro ATX enabling the use of smaller cases.
Motherboard Components
There are two types of receivers for CPU’s
Zero insertion force or ZIF sockets. With a ZIF socket, before the CPU is inserted, a lever or slider on the side of the socket is moved, pushing all the sprung contacts apart so that the CPU can be inserted with very little force (generally the weight of the CPU itself is sufficient with no external downward force required). The lever is then moved back, allowing the contacts to close and grip the pins of the CPU, often with a fan attached for cooling.
Single Edged Contact (SEC) cartridge slot or Slot 1 seen on PII and PIIIs. Developed by Intel to add Cache memory for the processor cheaply. The processor is mounted on a Single Edge Connector Cartridge (SECC), much like a PCI slot, but with a 242-lead edge-connector.
Bridges
There are two main bridges on a motherboard the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Bridges control access to the processor from the peripherals.
The Northbridge, also known as the Memory Controller Hub (MCH), is traditionally one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard. The Northbridge typically controls communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP or PCI Express, and the Southbridge.. A Northbridge will typically work with only one or two classes of CPUs and generally only one type of RAM. There are a few chipsets that support two types of RAM (generally these are available when there is a shift to a new standard).
The Southbridge, also known as the I/O Controller Hub (ICH), is a chip that implements the “slower” capabilities of the motherboard in a Northbridge Southbridge chipset computer architecture. The Southbridge can usually be distinguished from the Northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the Northbridge ties the Southbridge to the CPU. The functionality found on a contemporary Southbridge includes:PCI bus, ISA bus, SMBus, DMA controller, Interrupt controller, IDE, (SATA or PATA) controller ,LPC Bridge, Real Time Clock, Power management (APM and ACPI) and Nonvolatile BIOS memory
BIOS Chips
The [[BIOS( Basic Input Output System)]] refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the computer. This process is known as booting up.
The BIOS is stored as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) program and is retained when the machine is turned off. Settings within the BIOS may be changed by the user and these changes are stored in the BIOS memory this is maintained by a trickle of charge from the BIOS battery.
Memory
SIMMS- Single Inline Memory Modules. An older type of memory only seen on very old motherboards came in 30 pin modules and 72 pin modules.
SDRAM chips are rated according to their maximum clock rate and their read cycle time. Common clock ratings include 66MHz, 100MHz, and 133MHz. Common read cycle times include 50ns and 60ns.
DDR SDRAM or double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of memory integrated circuit used in computers. It achieves greater bandwidth than ordinary SDRAM by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal (double pumped). This effectively nearly doubles the transfer rate without increasing the frequency of the front side bus.
Stick/module specification
PC-1600: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 100 MHz using DDR-200 chips, 1.600 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2100: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 133 MHz using DDR-266 chips, 2.133 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2700: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 166 MHz using DDR-333 chips, 2.667 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-3200: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 200 MHz using DDR-400 chips, 3.200 GByte/s bandwidth
Drive Connectors
Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)
[Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)]] connectors connect the motherboard, via a ribbon cable to various peripherals, the most common being hard drives and CD ROMs. On most boards there are 2 channels/connectors, each can have 2 devices attached giving a total of four IDE devices.
If one device is attached to a cable, it should be configured as the master. If two devices are attached to the same cable then one must be the master device and one the slave. Master and slave are configured by the use of jumpers. Jumpers are small, insulated sleeves with a contact inside used to complete a circuit
Hard Disks
Hard disks are used to store data in a non-volatile form within the machine. I.e. the data remains intact even if the power to the device is cut off. Data is stored as magnetic ones and zeros on a steel platen and is read by pickup arms that scan the drive as the platens spin
Most major hard drive and motherboard vendors now support self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.), by which impending failures can be predicted, allowing the user to be alerted to prevent data loss.The mostly sealed enclosure protects the drive internals from dust, condensation, and other sources of contamination. The hard disk’s read-write heads fly on an air bearing which is a cushion of air only nanometers above the disk surface. The disk surface and the drive’s internal environment must therefore be kept immaculate to prevent damage from fingerprints, hair, dust, smoke particles, etc., given the submicroscopic gap between the heads and disk.
Floppy Disks
The floppy disc controller is generally situated near the IDE controllers and in fact looks like a small IDE slot
The ribbon has a twist and the first floppy drive (A: drive) should be placed after the twist if the cable has more than three connectors. If the cable is really old it may have a connector for a 5 1/4 Floppy drive.
SCSI
SCSI stands for “Small Computer System Interface”, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape storage devices, but also connects a wide range of other devices, including scanners, printers, CD-ROM drives, CD recorders, and DVD drives. In fact, the entire SCSI standard promotes device independence, which means that theoretically SCSI can be used with any type of computer hardware.
On a parallel SCSI bus, a device (e.g. host adapter, disk drive) is identified by a “SCSI ID”, which is a number in the range 0-7 on a narrow bus and in the range 0-15 on a wide bus.
SATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk. It is the successor to the legacy AT Attachment standard (ATA). This older technology was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from Serial ATA. Both SATA and PATA drives are IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, although IDE is often misused to indicate PATA drives.
The two SATA interfaces, SATA/150, runs at 1.5 GHz resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 1.2 Gigabits per second (Gb/s), or 150 megabytes per second (MB/s). SATA II 3Gb/s resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 2.4 Gb/s, or 300 MB/s.
Motherboard Slots
To add more functionality to a computer, cards such as network or video cards can be added. Sometimes these functions are built into the motherboard. There are several types of expansion slots:
The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) The PCI bus is common in modern PCs, where it has displaced ISA as the standard expansion bus, but it also appears in many other computer types.
PCI 2 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers peak transfer rate of 133 MB per second for 32-bit bus
PCI 2.2 allows for 66 MHz signalling (requires 3.3 volt signalling) (peak transfer rate of 503 MB/s) PCI 2.3 permitted use of 3.3 volt and universal keying, but did not support 5 volt keyed add in cards.
PCI 3.0 is the final official standard of the bus, completely removing 5 volt support.
ISA/EISA; Industry Standard Architecture and Extended Industry Standard Architecture An older type of bus connector. Considered obsolete
PCI Express, PCIe, or PCI-E is an implementation of the PCI computer bus that uses existing PCI programming concepts, but bases it on a completely different and much faster serial physical-layer communications protocol. PCIe transfers data at 250 MB/s (238 MiB/s), per channel to a maximum of 16 channels, a total combined transfer rate of 4GB/s (3.7 GiB/s). Almost all of the high end graphics cards being released today use PCI Express. NVIDIA uses the high-speed data transfer of PCIe for its newly developed Scalable Link Interface (SLI) technology, which allows two graphics cards of the same chipset and model number to be run at the same time, allowing increased performance.
The Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. AGP is slowly being phased out in favour of PCI Express.
AGP 1x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s), doubled from the 133 MB/s transfer rate of PCI bus 33 MHz / 32-bit; 3.3 V signaling.
AGP 2x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz double pumped to an effective 133 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 533 MB/s; signaling voltages the same as AGP 1x;
AGP 4x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz quad pumped to an effective 266 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 1066 MB/s (1 GB/s); 1.5 V signaling;
AGP 8x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz, strobing eight times per clock, delivering an effective 533 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 2133 MB/s (2 GB/s); 0.8 V signaling.
Peripheral Connections
There are a number of ports on the motherboard for the connection of additional devices:.
Serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals or modems. Mice, keyboards, and other peripheral devices also connected in this way.
Parallel ports are most often used to communicate with peripheral devices. The most common kind of parallel port is a printer port, such as a Centronics connector based port which transfers eight bits at a time. Disk drives are also connected via special parallel ports, such as those used by the SCSI and ATA technlogies. However, when people refer to a parallel port, they are usually referring to a printer port, either on a printer or a PC.
A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained devices. Additional USB hubs may be included in the chain, allowing branching into a tree structure, subject to a limit of 5 levels of branching per controller. No more than 127 devices, including the bus devices, may be connected to a single host controller. Modern computers often have several host controllers, allowing a very large number of USB devices to be connected. USB cables do not need to be terminated.
USB supports three data rates.
A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s (183 KiB/s) that is mostly used for Human Interface Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks.
A Full Speed rate of 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MiB/s). Full Speed was the fastest rate before the USB 2.0 specification and many devices fall back to Full Speed. Full Speed devices divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-served basis and it is not uncommon to run out of bandwidth with several isochronous devices. All USB Hubs support Full Speed.
A Hi-Speed rate of 480 Mbit/s (57 M
COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Motherboards
The most important part of any computer is the motherboard. As the name implies a motherboard is the mother of all other components in a computer.
The motherboard brings all the core components together such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory and Hard Disks. In short, the motherboard connects and allows all of the components in the computer to work together.
There are two different types of Motherboard: AT style and ATX style.
AT Motherboards
The AT-style motherboards represent the classic approach to component placement. AT-motherboards are available in two variations, the baby AT and the full AT. Both variations simply refer to the overall dimensions of the board.
AT Boards are generally found in older systems, typically those that use the now aged Pentium Processor. The Majority of AT motherboards had a single keyboard port soldered to the motherboard
The I/O ports (e.g. USB, COM and PS/2 ports) are separate from the motherboard and are placed on a riser card or separate headers.
To identify an AT motherboard first check the power connectors. AT Motherboards use two sets of 6-pin inline power connectors
Caution it is possible to plug these connectors in the wrong order and fuse the motherboard
ATX Motherboards
The ATX-style motherboards are a result of the industry’s push for standardization and are found in most systems today. Most modern computers contain an ATX motherboard. ATX boards can use Advanced Power Management.
Distinguished by having more than just one external connector ATX boards have Keyboard, Mouse, Serial, Parallel and USB connectors.
ATX boards can also be distinguished by the monoblock power connectors. Also available in micro ATX enabling the use of smaller cases.
Motherboard Components
There are two types of receivers for CPU’s
Zero insertion force or ZIF sockets. With a ZIF socket, before the CPU is inserted, a lever or slider on the side of the socket is moved, pushing all the sprung contacts apart so that the CPU can be inserted with very little force (generally the weight of the CPU itself is sufficient with no external downward force required). The lever is then moved back, allowing the contacts to close and grip the pins of the CPU, often with a fan attached for cooling.
Single Edged Contact (SEC) cartridge slot or Slot 1 seen on PII and PIIIs. Developed by Intel to add Cache memory for the processor cheaply. The processor is mounted on a Single Edge Connector Cartridge (SECC), much like a PCI slot, but with a 242-lead edge-connector.
Bridges
There are two main bridges on a motherboard the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Bridges control access to the processor from the peripherals.
The Northbridge, also known as the Memory Controller Hub (MCH), is traditionally one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard. The Northbridge typically controls communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP or PCI Express, and the Southbridge.. A Northbridge will typically work with only one or two classes of CPUs and generally only one type of RAM. There are a few chipsets that support two types of RAM (generally these are available when there is a shift to a new standard).
The Southbridge, also known as the I/O Controller Hub (ICH), is a chip that implements the “slower” capabilities of the motherboard in a Northbridge Southbridge chipset computer architecture. The Southbridge can usually be distinguished from the Northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the Northbridge ties the Southbridge to the CPU. The functionality found on a contemporary Southbridge includes:PCI bus, ISA bus, SMBus, DMA controller, Interrupt controller, IDE, (SATA or PATA) controller ,LPC Bridge, Real Time Clock, Power management (APM and ACPI) and Nonvolatile BIOS memory
BIOS Chips
The [[BIOS( Basic Input Output System)]] refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the computer. This process is known as booting up.
The BIOS is stored as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) program and is retained when the machine is turned off. Settings within the BIOS may be changed by the user and these changes are stored in the BIOS memory this is maintained by a trickle of charge from the BIOS battery.
Memory
SIMMS- Single Inline Memory Modules. An older type of memory only seen on very old motherboards came in 30 pin modules and 72 pin modules.
SDRAM chips are rated according to their maximum clock rate and their read cycle time. Common clock ratings include 66MHz, 100MHz, and 133MHz. Common read cycle times include 50ns and 60ns.
DDR SDRAM or double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of memory integrated circuit used in computers. It achieves greater bandwidth than ordinary SDRAM by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal (double pumped). This effectively nearly doubles the transfer rate without increasing the frequency of the front side bus.
Stick/module specification
PC-1600: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 100 MHz using DDR-200 chips, 1.600 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2100: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 133 MHz using DDR-266 chips, 2.133 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2700: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 166 MHz using DDR-333 chips, 2.667 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-3200: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 200 MHz using DDR-400 chips, 3.200 GByte/s bandwidth
Drive Connectors
Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)
[Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)]] connectors connect the motherboard, via a ribbon cable to various peripherals, the most common being hard drives and CD ROMs. On most boards there are 2 channels/connectors, each can have 2 devices attached giving a total of four IDE devices.
If one device is attached to a cable, it should be configured as the master. If two devices are attached to the same cable then one must be the master device and one the slave. Master and slave are configured by the use of jumpers. Jumpers are small, insulated sleeves with a contact inside used to complete a circuit
Hard Disks
Hard disks are used to store data in a non-volatile form within the machine. I.e. the data remains intact even if the power to the device is cut off. Data is stored as magnetic ones and zeros on a steel platen and is read by pickup arms that scan the drive as the platens spin
Most major hard drive and motherboard vendors now support self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.), by which impending failures can be predicted, allowing the user to be alerted to prevent data loss.The mostly sealed enclosure protects the drive internals from dust, condensation, and other sources of contamination. The hard disk’s read-write heads fly on an air bearing which is a cushion of air only nanometers above the disk surface. The disk surface and the drive’s internal environment must therefore be kept immaculate to prevent damage from fingerprints, hair, dust, smoke particles, etc., given the submicroscopic gap between the heads and disk.
Floppy Disks
The floppy disc controller is generally situated near the IDE controllers and in fact looks like a small IDE slot
The ribbon has a twist and the first floppy drive (A: drive) should be placed after the twist if the cable has more than three connectors. If the cable is really old it may have a connector for a 5 1/4 Floppy drive.
SCSI
SCSI stands for “Small Computer System Interface”, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape storage devices, but also connects a wide range of other devices, including scanners, printers, CD-ROM drives, CD recorders, and DVD drives. In fact, the entire SCSI standard promotes device independence, which means that theoretically SCSI can be used with any type of computer hardware.
On a parallel SCSI bus, a device (e.g. host adapter, disk drive) is identified by a “SCSI ID”, which is a number in the range 0-7 on a narrow bus and in the range 0-15 on a wide bus.
SATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk. It is the successor to the legacy AT Attachment standard (ATA). This older technology was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from Serial ATA. Both SATA and PATA drives are IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, although IDE is often misused to indicate PATA drives.
The two SATA interfaces, SATA/150, runs at 1.5 GHz resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 1.2 Gigabits per second (Gb/s), or 150 megabytes per second (MB/s). SATA II 3Gb/s resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 2.4 Gb/s, or 300 MB/s.
Motherboard Slots
To add more functionality to a computer, cards such as network or video cards can be added. Sometimes these functions are built into the motherboard. There are several types of expansion slots:
The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) The PCI bus is common in modern PCs, where it has displaced ISA as the standard expansion bus, but it also appears in many other computer types.
PCI 2 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers peak transfer rate of 133 MB per second for 32-bit bus
PCI 2.2 allows for 66 MHz signalling (requires 3.3 volt signalling) (peak transfer rate of 503 MB/s) PCI 2.3 permitted use of 3.3 volt and universal keying, but did not support 5 volt keyed add in cards.
PCI 3.0 is the final official standard of the bus, completely removing 5 volt support.
ISA/EISA; Industry Standard Architecture and Extended Industry Standard Architecture An older type of bus connector. Considered obsolete
PCI Express, PCIe, or PCI-E is an implementation of the PCI computer bus that uses existing PCI programming concepts, but bases it on a completely different and much faster serial physical-layer communications protocol. PCIe transfers data at 250 MB/s (238 MiB/s), per channel to a maximum of 16 channels, a total combined transfer rate of 4GB/s (3.7 GiB/s). Almost all of the high end graphics cards being released today use PCI Express. NVIDIA uses the high-speed data transfer of PCIe for its newly developed Scalable Link Interface (SLI) technology, which allows two graphics cards of the same chipset and model number to be run at the same time, allowing increased performance.
The Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. AGP is slowly being phased out in favour of PCI Express.
AGP 1x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s), doubled from the 133 MB/s transfer rate of PCI bus 33 MHz / 32-bit; 3.3 V signaling.
AGP 2x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz double pumped to an effective 133 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 533 MB/s; signaling voltages the same as AGP 1x;
AGP 4x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz quad pumped to an effective 266 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 1066 MB/s (1 GB/s); 1.5 V signaling;
AGP 8x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz, strobing eight times per clock, delivering an effective 533 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 2133 MB/s (2 GB/s); 0.8 V signaling.
Peripheral Connections
There are a number of ports on the motherboard for the connection of additional devices:.
Serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals or modems. Mice, keyboards, and other peripheral devices also connected in this way.
Parallel ports are most often used to communicate with peripheral devices. The most common kind of parallel port is a printer port, such as a Centronics connector based port which transfers eight bits at a time. Disk drives are also connected via special parallel ports, such as those used by the SCSI and ATA technlogies. However, when people refer to a parallel port, they are usually referring to a printer port, either on a printer or a PC.
A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained devices. Additional USB hubs may be included in the chain, allowing branching into a tree structure, subject to a limit of 5 levels of branching per controller. No more than 127 devices, including the bus devices, may be connected to a single host controller. Modern computers often have several host controllers, allowing a very large number of USB devices to be connected. USB cables do not need to be terminated.
USB supports three data rates.
A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s (183 KiB/s) that is mostly used for Human Interface Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks.
A Full Speed rate of 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MiB/s). Full Speed was the fastest rate before the USB 2.0 specification and many devices fall back to Full Speed. Full Speed devices divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-served basis and it is not uncommon to run out of bandwidth with several isochronous devices. All USB Hubs support Full Speed.
A Hi-Speed rate of 480 Mbit/s (57 M
The most important part of any computer is the motherboard. As the name implies a motherboard is the mother of all other components in a computer.
The motherboard brings all the core components together such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory and Hard Disks. In short, the motherboard connects and allows all of the components in the computer to work together.
There are two different types of Motherboard: AT style and ATX style.
AT Motherboards
The AT-style motherboards represent the classic approach to component placement. AT-motherboards are available in two variations, the baby AT and the full AT. Both variations simply refer to the overall dimensions of the board.
AT Boards are generally found in older systems, typically those that use the now aged Pentium Processor. The Majority of AT motherboards had a single keyboard port soldered to the motherboard
The I/O ports (e.g. USB, COM and PS/2 ports) are separate from the motherboard and are placed on a riser card or separate headers.
To identify an AT motherboard first check the power connectors. AT Motherboards use two sets of 6-pin inline power connectors
Caution it is possible to plug these connectors in the wrong order and fuse the motherboard
ATX Motherboards
The ATX-style motherboards are a result of the industry’s push for standardization and are found in most systems today. Most modern computers contain an ATX motherboard. ATX boards can use Advanced Power Management.
Distinguished by having more than just one external connector ATX boards have Keyboard, Mouse, Serial, Parallel and USB connectors.
ATX boards can also be distinguished by the monoblock power connectors. Also available in micro ATX enabling the use of smaller cases.
Motherboard Components
There are two types of receivers for CPU’s
Zero insertion force or ZIF sockets. With a ZIF socket, before the CPU is inserted, a lever or slider on the side of the socket is moved, pushing all the sprung contacts apart so that the CPU can be inserted with very little force (generally the weight of the CPU itself is sufficient with no external downward force required). The lever is then moved back, allowing the contacts to close and grip the pins of the CPU, often with a fan attached for cooling.
Single Edged Contact (SEC) cartridge slot or Slot 1 seen on PII and PIIIs. Developed by Intel to add Cache memory for the processor cheaply. The processor is mounted on a Single Edge Connector Cartridge (SECC), much like a PCI slot, but with a 242-lead edge-connector.
Bridges
There are two main bridges on a motherboard the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Bridges control access to the processor from the peripherals.
The Northbridge, also known as the Memory Controller Hub (MCH), is traditionally one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard. The Northbridge typically controls communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP or PCI Express, and the Southbridge.. A Northbridge will typically work with only one or two classes of CPUs and generally only one type of RAM. There are a few chipsets that support two types of RAM (generally these are available when there is a shift to a new standard).
The Southbridge, also known as the I/O Controller Hub (ICH), is a chip that implements the “slower” capabilities of the motherboard in a Northbridge Southbridge chipset computer architecture. The Southbridge can usually be distinguished from the Northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the Northbridge ties the Southbridge to the CPU. The functionality found on a contemporary Southbridge includes:PCI bus, ISA bus, SMBus, DMA controller, Interrupt controller, IDE, (SATA or PATA) controller ,LPC Bridge, Real Time Clock, Power management (APM and ACPI) and Nonvolatile BIOS memory
BIOS Chips
The [[BIOS( Basic Input Output System)]] refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the computer. This process is known as booting up.
The BIOS is stored as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) program and is retained when the machine is turned off. Settings within the BIOS may be changed by the user and these changes are stored in the BIOS memory this is maintained by a trickle of charge from the BIOS battery.
Memory
SIMMS- Single Inline Memory Modules. An older type of memory only seen on very old motherboards came in 30 pin modules and 72 pin modules.
SDRAM chips are rated according to their maximum clock rate and their read cycle time. Common clock ratings include 66MHz, 100MHz, and 133MHz. Common read cycle times include 50ns and 60ns.
DDR SDRAM or double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of memory integrated circuit used in computers. It achieves greater bandwidth than ordinary SDRAM by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal (double pumped). This effectively nearly doubles the transfer rate without increasing the frequency of the front side bus.
Stick/module specification
PC-1600: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 100 MHz using DDR-200 chips, 1.600 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2100: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 133 MHz using DDR-266 chips, 2.133 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-2700: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 166 MHz using DDR-333 chips, 2.667 GByte/s bandwidth
PC-3200: DDR-SDRAM memory module specified to operate at 200 MHz using DDR-400 chips, 3.200 GByte/s bandwidth
Drive Connectors
Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)
[Integrated Device Electronic (IDE)]] connectors connect the motherboard, via a ribbon cable to various peripherals, the most common being hard drives and CD ROMs. On most boards there are 2 channels/connectors, each can have 2 devices attached giving a total of four IDE devices.
If one device is attached to a cable, it should be configured as the master. If two devices are attached to the same cable then one must be the master device and one the slave. Master and slave are configured by the use of jumpers. Jumpers are small, insulated sleeves with a contact inside used to complete a circuit
Hard Disks
Hard disks are used to store data in a non-volatile form within the machine. I.e. the data remains intact even if the power to the device is cut off. Data is stored as magnetic ones and zeros on a steel platen and is read by pickup arms that scan the drive as the platens spin
Most major hard drive and motherboard vendors now support self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.), by which impending failures can be predicted, allowing the user to be alerted to prevent data loss.The mostly sealed enclosure protects the drive internals from dust, condensation, and other sources of contamination. The hard disk’s read-write heads fly on an air bearing which is a cushion of air only nanometers above the disk surface. The disk surface and the drive’s internal environment must therefore be kept immaculate to prevent damage from fingerprints, hair, dust, smoke particles, etc., given the submicroscopic gap between the heads and disk.
Floppy Disks
The floppy disc controller is generally situated near the IDE controllers and in fact looks like a small IDE slot
The ribbon has a twist and the first floppy drive (A: drive) should be placed after the twist if the cable has more than three connectors. If the cable is really old it may have a connector for a 5 1/4 Floppy drive.
SCSI
SCSI stands for “Small Computer System Interface”, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape storage devices, but also connects a wide range of other devices, including scanners, printers, CD-ROM drives, CD recorders, and DVD drives. In fact, the entire SCSI standard promotes device independence, which means that theoretically SCSI can be used with any type of computer hardware.
On a parallel SCSI bus, a device (e.g. host adapter, disk drive) is identified by a “SCSI ID”, which is a number in the range 0-7 on a narrow bus and in the range 0-15 on a wide bus.
SATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk. It is the successor to the legacy AT Attachment standard (ATA). This older technology was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from Serial ATA. Both SATA and PATA drives are IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, although IDE is often misused to indicate PATA drives.
The two SATA interfaces, SATA/150, runs at 1.5 GHz resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 1.2 Gigabits per second (Gb/s), or 150 megabytes per second (MB/s). SATA II 3Gb/s resulting in an actual data transfer rate of 2.4 Gb/s, or 300 MB/s.
Motherboard Slots
To add more functionality to a computer, cards such as network or video cards can be added. Sometimes these functions are built into the motherboard. There are several types of expansion slots:
The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) The PCI bus is common in modern PCs, where it has displaced ISA as the standard expansion bus, but it also appears in many other computer types.
PCI 2 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers peak transfer rate of 133 MB per second for 32-bit bus
PCI 2.2 allows for 66 MHz signalling (requires 3.3 volt signalling) (peak transfer rate of 503 MB/s) PCI 2.3 permitted use of 3.3 volt and universal keying, but did not support 5 volt keyed add in cards.
PCI 3.0 is the final official standard of the bus, completely removing 5 volt support.
ISA/EISA; Industry Standard Architecture and Extended Industry Standard Architecture An older type of bus connector. Considered obsolete
PCI Express, PCIe, or PCI-E is an implementation of the PCI computer bus that uses existing PCI programming concepts, but bases it on a completely different and much faster serial physical-layer communications protocol. PCIe transfers data at 250 MB/s (238 MiB/s), per channel to a maximum of 16 channels, a total combined transfer rate of 4GB/s (3.7 GiB/s). Almost all of the high end graphics cards being released today use PCI Express. NVIDIA uses the high-speed data transfer of PCIe for its newly developed Scalable Link Interface (SLI) technology, which allows two graphics cards of the same chipset and model number to be run at the same time, allowing increased performance.
The Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Some motherboards have been built with multiple independent AGP slots. AGP is slowly being phased out in favour of PCI Express.
AGP 1x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s), doubled from the 133 MB/s transfer rate of PCI bus 33 MHz / 32-bit; 3.3 V signaling.
AGP 2x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz double pumped to an effective 133 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 533 MB/s; signaling voltages the same as AGP 1x;
AGP 4x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz quad pumped to an effective 266 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 1066 MB/s (1 GB/s); 1.5 V signaling;
AGP 8x, using a 32-bit channel operating at 66 MHz, strobing eight times per clock, delivering an effective 533 MHz resulting in a maximum data rate of 2133 MB/s (2 GB/s); 0.8 V signaling.
Peripheral Connections
There are a number of ports on the motherboard for the connection of additional devices:.
Serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals or modems. Mice, keyboards, and other peripheral devices also connected in this way.
Parallel ports are most often used to communicate with peripheral devices. The most common kind of parallel port is a printer port, such as a Centronics connector based port which transfers eight bits at a time. Disk drives are also connected via special parallel ports, such as those used by the SCSI and ATA technlogies. However, when people refer to a parallel port, they are usually referring to a printer port, either on a printer or a PC.
A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained devices. Additional USB hubs may be included in the chain, allowing branching into a tree structure, subject to a limit of 5 levels of branching per controller. No more than 127 devices, including the bus devices, may be connected to a single host controller. Modern computers often have several host controllers, allowing a very large number of USB devices to be connected. USB cables do not need to be terminated.
USB supports three data rates.
A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s (183 KiB/s) that is mostly used for Human Interface Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks.
A Full Speed rate of 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MiB/s). Full Speed was the fastest rate before the USB 2.0 specification and many devices fall back to Full Speed. Full Speed devices divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-served basis and it is not uncommon to run out of bandwidth with several isochronous devices. All USB Hubs support Full Speed.
A Hi-Speed rate of 480 Mbit/s (57 M
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOWN BEFORE BUYING A TABLET IN NIGERIA
If you decide to buy the perfect tablet, today
we’ll show you what to look for when buying,
what specifications should be taken into account
and which are not.
Today, the main purpose of the tablet is
connected with entertainment – is watching
movies, videos, e-books, surfing the internet, and
a variety of games. Sometimes on the screen of
the tablet and can normally draw, especially if
the tablet has a stylus.
The choice of operating system.
iOS
For the understanding of the operating system
enough to realize what kind of products offers
Apple. Their Main advantage – it’s easy and
intuitive understanding of the interface. IPad
tablet is more suitable for those who just want a
working device from the first minute.
Applications for iOS released much more than for
Android, so if you like to download and install
anything new (whichever sphere it may concern),
look at the iPad.
Buy a tablet based on iOS (IPad) makes sense
only if you basically like device Apple, well, or
want something simple.
Android
Google Android operating system is installed on
the vast majority of today selling tablets. This
operating system is flexible and scalable. The
main window may be represented as a series of
screens are usually blocked from four to seven,
and each screen can be placed on several icons
or widgets scalable those or other applications.
In the online store Google Play Store you will
find more than 700 thousand applications for
every taste (and this is the official figure), both
paid and free.
Windows 8
This operating system is largely duplicates the
one for conventional computers, but of course, it
is set up specifically for tablets. In fact, it
originally was designed for touch screens.
User interaction with the OS performed by the
squares on the desktop, where each may contain
one of a plurality of functions. It can be as
simple as a label for a specific application, as
well as a reference to a character from the
contact list, the picture on a web page, etc.
Characteristics tablet
Adequate diagonal tablet – is 7, 8 or 10 inches,
as is convenient to carry such devices it. 12-
inch – it is virtually desktop tablet for those who
are concerned a large area of the screen with a
high resolution. Very Few of them, and it is
unlikely there will be many.
Important technical features include screen and
its resolution, the type of processor and its
power, the amount of different types of memory
and support its expansion.
As for the processor, here operates a simple rule:
the more powerful the better. Touch and the
issue of user memory. It can only be internal
(between 8 and 64 GB) and with the support of
external resources – memory cards SDXC /
SDHC, etc. up to 64 GB.
Nearly all the tablets today have rear and front
cameras. An important parameter – is support
for wireless communication protocols. The plates
today can be of two types: with only Wi-Fi, as
well as Wi-Fi and mobile communication units
(or 3G, or 3G / LTE). Choose a tablet should be
at the convenience of a particular model in
person for the buyer. Too powerful tablet is
expensive if you do not use all of its resources
constantly.
Too small ruin your nervous system slowdowns
and much distress in the selection of
applications.
Friday, 8 May 2015
How to Reset the Acer Aspire One to Factory Settings
The Acer Aspire One features a hidden partition that contains software
designed to back up the hard drive or reinstall the operating system to
the netbook. This software can format the hard drive and revert the
computer to its factory default condition. You can use the Acer
eRecovery Management application to erase all company data from the
drive prior to selling the netbook or restore the operating system if
Windows has been corrupted. Resetting the Acer Aspire One will remove
all of the files on the drive, so back up any critical data before
restoring the computer.
Step 1Click "Start | All Programs | Acer Empowering Technology." Click "Acer eRecovery Management."
Step 2Click "Restore" and select "Restore System to Factory Default." The computer will restart and boot into the recovery utility.
Step 3Click "Yes" when prompted. Click "Yes" again to revert the Acer Aspire One to its factory state.
STEPS TO KNOW YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Step 1Click the Start button and then enter "system" into the search field. Select "System Information" from under Programs.
Step 2Click "System
Summary" to see details about the operating system installed to the
computer, the processor, basic input/output system and RAM.
Step 3Double-click
"Components." Select a hardware device from the list to see its name,
manufacturer, driver location and other details.
Tips
- You can also type "msinfo32.exe" into the Start menu's search box and press "Enter" to view the same information.
- You can also click the Start button, right-click "Computer" and then click "Properties" to see your operating system, processor model, computer make and model, processor type and RAM specifications.
- Although it's not possible to see the motherboard make and model in Windows, you can use third-party applications such as CPU-Z and SiSoftware Sandra to see details about the board.
- To search for specific details about your computer, type a search term into the Find What field in System Information and then click "Find.
Thursday, 7 May 2015
Friday, 1 May 2015
Music: 9ice – Familete + Sugar
Consume the tracks and tell us if they hit the bull’s eye.DOWNLOAD HEREDOWNLOAD HERE
Wednesday, 29 April 2015
EASY WAYS TO MAINTAIN YOUR SYSTEM AT HOME
1—Run Your Anti-Virus
A huge number of the problems on modern
computers are caused by viruses. Slow
computers, stalled downloads, and strange
errors are all symptoms of that scourge of
modern computing.
If you have an anti-virus program installed, it
doesn’t guarantee that it’ll catch every virus
before it infects your computer. Just like real
life viruses, sometimes computer viruses adapt
just enough to get past your defenses.
However, the makers of anti-virus software are
constantly updating their software to find last
week’s and last month’s viruses, so if you run
a full disk scan using your anti-virus software,
you’ll probably find any active infections.
2—Clean Your Registry
This advice especially applies to old versions of
Windows and computers which have seen a lot
of action over the last year or so.
Every time you make a major change to your
computer, Windows updates its Registry.
Installing programs, removing programs,
changing major settings, and a bunch more
things all add information to the Windows
Registry without ever cleaning it.
But as your Registry gets full, it also tends to
stop performing as well. It slows down your
computer, it gets confused and causes
conflicts, and it may even crash and take down
your computer.
Luckily, cleaning your Registry is easy and
there are plenty of free and paid programs
available which will help you do it. A software
program will not upgrade your memory but it
will clean out all the junk files, detect Malware,
delete unused registry keys, Automatic Driver
updates, and more. At the moment I am using
PC Matic to maintain everything for me. This
software is amazing and has won a number of
top awards. You can get a free scan for your
computer to see how it works before you buy.
3—Safe Mode
Most people I’ve talked to about this subject
seem to have no idea what safe mode is for.
Do you? The answer is that it’s for fixing major
problems with Windows by turning off some
default actions. For example:
Safe mode will prevent most programs
from starting up automatically, so if
your problem is with one of those
programs, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode won’t load the drivers for
most non-essential hardware, so if
some of your hardware is
malfunctioning, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode can also help you discover
damage from viruses, but I still think
your anti-virus software is better
equipped to deal with those problems
To access safe mode, press and hold the F8
key when your computer starts booting.
4—Blame Windows
Sometimes the problem with your computer is
your operating system, Windows. That doesn’t
necessarily mean Microsoft messed up—it
could be that an old virus deleted an important
file.
But diagnosing a problem with Windows from
within Windows can be challenging. What you
need is an outside authority—I suggest Linux.
You can download a “Live” Linux CD which
won’t install anything on your computer but
which will boot Linux for as long as the CD (or
DVD) is in your disc drive. I suggest you use
Ubuntu:
Go to the Ubuntu website using a working
computer, download the current CD or DVD,
whichever you prefer (DVDs have more stuff
but take longer to download), burn the CD or
DVD, and put it in your computer. Reboot your
computer and see if it works.
If Linux can get your computer to work, then
there’s nothing wrong with the hardware—
there’s something wrong with Windows, which
brings us to our next tip for how to repair your
computer:
5—Reinstall Windows
In the Windows 95 and 98 days, we used to
reinstall Windows about once a year just to
keep things moving smoothly. That was the
great thing about Windows XP—it was stable
for much longer periods. But if you get a
problem in Windows which you can’t fix any
other way, reinstalling Windows is still your
best option.
It’s important to backup all of your important
files before you reinstall Windows. If your
computer won’t boot Windows, either use the
Linux method described above to access your
files and copy them to DVDs or external hard
drives, or take the hard drive out of your
computer and use an external hard drive
adapter to copy the files to another computer.
After backing up your files, reinstalling
Windows should be easy. Most computers
these days let you reinstall Windows from a
special entry in your boot menu—if you can’t
find that option, consult the manual which
came with your computer or use a working
computer to search for your model of computer
on the Internet.
6—Blowing Your
Problems Away
If the problem with your computer is hardware,
not software, there may not be much you can
do. Most modern electronics are not field
serviceable—if they’re broke, they’re junk.
However, there is one thing you can do to
bring some electronics back to life: blow on
them.
Specifically, blow the dust off of them. Dust is
a powerful insulator—it’s technically almost
exactly the same stuff (primarily cellulose)
used in high-end home insulation to help keep
heat inside your house during the winter and
outside during the summer.
With the dust holding the heat inside your
computer, parts begin to fail. Most modern
electronics are only designed to work up until
about 35 Celsius or 110 Fahrenheit before
automatically shutting off to prevent severe
damage or fire.
If you get rid of the dust , your parts won’t get
as hot and they may begin to work again. But
let me warn you: heat-damaged parts are more
likely to fail than undamaged parts, so don’t
expect miracles.
To clear the dust out of your powered-off
computer, grab a handkerchief, cover your eyes,
inhale through the handkerchief, and blow as
hard as possible without spitting. Alternatively,
you can work much faster (although not quite
for free) by using a can of compressed air from
your local supermarket or office supply store.
7—Your Last Resort
If none of the techniques described above
helped you fix your computer, I suggest you
call for help. Call the manufacturer—even if
your computer is out of warranty. Most
manufacturers have toll-free support numbers,
so the call won’t cost you anything and the
worst that can happen is that they’ll be unable
to help you for free. On the other hand, they
may know a free way to repair your computer .
EASY WAYS TO MAINTAIN YOUR SYSTEM AT HOME
1—Run Your Anti-Virus
A huge number of the problems on modern
computers are caused by viruses. Slow
computers, stalled downloads, and strange
errors are all symptoms of that scourge of
modern computing.
If you have an anti-virus program installed, it
doesn’t guarantee that it’ll catch every virus
before it infects your computer. Just like real
life viruses, sometimes computer viruses adapt
just enough to get past your defenses.
However, the makers of anti-virus software are
constantly updating their software to find last
week’s and last month’s viruses, so if you run
a full disk scan using your anti-virus software,
you’ll probably find any active infections.
2—Clean Your Registry
This advice especially applies to old versions of
Windows and computers which have seen a lot
of action over the last year or so.
Every time you make a major change to your
computer, Windows updates its Registry.
Installing programs, removing programs,
changing major settings, and a bunch more
things all add information to the Windows
Registry without ever cleaning it.
But as your Registry gets full, it also tends to
stop performing as well. It slows down your
computer, it gets confused and causes
conflicts, and it may even crash and take down
your computer.
Luckily, cleaning your Registry is easy and
there are plenty of free and paid programs
available which will help you do it. A software
program will not upgrade your memory but it
will clean out all the junk files, detect Malware,
delete unused registry keys, Automatic Driver
updates, and more. At the moment I am using
PC Matic to maintain everything for me. This
software is amazing and has won a number of
top awards. You can get a free scan for your
computer to see how it works before you buy.
3—Safe Mode
Most people I’ve talked to about this subject
seem to have no idea what safe mode is for.
Do you? The answer is that it’s for fixing major
problems with Windows by turning off some
default actions. For example:
Safe mode will prevent most programs
from starting up automatically, so if
your problem is with one of those
programs, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode won’t load the drivers for
most non-essential hardware, so if
some of your hardware is
malfunctioning, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode can also help you discover
damage from viruses, but I still think
your anti-virus software is better
equipped to deal with those problems
To access safe mode, press and hold the F8
key when your computer starts booting.
4—Blame Windows
Sometimes the problem with your computer is
your operating system, Windows. That doesn’t
necessarily mean Microsoft messed up—it
could be that an old virus deleted an important
file.
But diagnosing a problem with Windows from
within Windows can be challenging. What you
need is an outside authority—I suggest Linux.
You can download a “Live” Linux CD which
won’t install anything on your computer but
which will boot Linux for as long as the CD (or
DVD) is in your disc drive. I suggest you use
Ubuntu:
Go to the Ubuntu website using a working
computer, download the current CD or DVD,
whichever you prefer (DVDs have more stuff
but take longer to download), burn the CD or
DVD, and put it in your computer. Reboot your
computer and see if it works.
If Linux can get your computer to work, then
there’s nothing wrong with the hardware—
there’s something wrong with Windows, which
brings us to our next tip for how to repair your
computer:
5—Reinstall Windows
In the Windows 95 and 98 days, we used to
reinstall Windows about once a year just to
keep things moving smoothly. That was the
great thing about Windows XP—it was stable
for much longer periods. But if you get a
problem in Windows which you can’t fix any
other way, reinstalling Windows is still your
best option.
It’s important to backup all of your important
files before you reinstall Windows. If your
computer won’t boot Windows, either use the
Linux method described above to access your
files and copy them to DVDs or external hard
drives, or take the hard drive out of your
computer and use an external hard drive
adapter to copy the files to another computer.
After backing up your files, reinstalling
Windows should be easy. Most computers
these days let you reinstall Windows from a
special entry in your boot menu—if you can’t
find that option, consult the manual which
came with your computer or use a working
computer to search for your model of computer
on the Internet.
6—Blowing Your
Problems Away
If the problem with your computer is hardware,
not software, there may not be much you can
do. Most modern electronics are not field
serviceable—if they’re broke, they’re junk.
However, there is one thing you can do to
bring some electronics back to life: blow on
them.
Specifically, blow the dust off of them. Dust is
a powerful insulator—it’s technically almost
exactly the same stuff (primarily cellulose)
used in high-end home insulation to help keep
heat inside your house during the winter and
outside during the summer.
With the dust holding the heat inside your
computer, parts begin to fail. Most modern
electronics are only designed to work up until
about 35 Celsius or 110 Fahrenheit before
automatically shutting off to prevent severe
damage or fire.
If you get rid of the dust , your parts won’t get
as hot and they may begin to work again. But
let me warn you: heat-damaged parts are more
likely to fail than undamaged parts, so don’t
expect miracles.
To clear the dust out of your powered-off
computer, grab a handkerchief, cover your eyes,
inhale through the handkerchief, and blow as
hard as possible without spitting. Alternatively,
you can work much faster (although not quite
for free) by using a can of compressed air from
your local supermarket or office supply store.
7—Your Last Resort
If none of the techniques described above
helped you fix your computer, I suggest you
call for help. Call the manufacturer—even if
your computer is out of warranty. Most
manufacturers have toll-free support numbers,
so the call won’t cost you anything and the
worst that can happen is that they’ll be unable
to help you for free. On the other hand, they
may know a free way to repair your computer .
A huge number of the problems on modern
computers are caused by viruses. Slow
computers, stalled downloads, and strange
errors are all symptoms of that scourge of
modern computing.
If you have an anti-virus program installed, it
doesn’t guarantee that it’ll catch every virus
before it infects your computer. Just like real
life viruses, sometimes computer viruses adapt
just enough to get past your defenses.
However, the makers of anti-virus software are
constantly updating their software to find last
week’s and last month’s viruses, so if you run
a full disk scan using your anti-virus software,
you’ll probably find any active infections.
2—Clean Your Registry
This advice especially applies to old versions of
Windows and computers which have seen a lot
of action over the last year or so.
Every time you make a major change to your
computer, Windows updates its Registry.
Installing programs, removing programs,
changing major settings, and a bunch more
things all add information to the Windows
Registry without ever cleaning it.
But as your Registry gets full, it also tends to
stop performing as well. It slows down your
computer, it gets confused and causes
conflicts, and it may even crash and take down
your computer.
Luckily, cleaning your Registry is easy and
there are plenty of free and paid programs
available which will help you do it. A software
program will not upgrade your memory but it
will clean out all the junk files, detect Malware,
delete unused registry keys, Automatic Driver
updates, and more. At the moment I am using
PC Matic to maintain everything for me. This
software is amazing and has won a number of
top awards. You can get a free scan for your
computer to see how it works before you buy.
3—Safe Mode
Most people I’ve talked to about this subject
seem to have no idea what safe mode is for.
Do you? The answer is that it’s for fixing major
problems with Windows by turning off some
default actions. For example:
Safe mode will prevent most programs
from starting up automatically, so if
your problem is with one of those
programs, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode won’t load the drivers for
most non-essential hardware, so if
some of your hardware is
malfunctioning, you’ll discover it
immediately.
Safe mode can also help you discover
damage from viruses, but I still think
your anti-virus software is better
equipped to deal with those problems
To access safe mode, press and hold the F8
key when your computer starts booting.
4—Blame Windows
Sometimes the problem with your computer is
your operating system, Windows. That doesn’t
necessarily mean Microsoft messed up—it
could be that an old virus deleted an important
file.
But diagnosing a problem with Windows from
within Windows can be challenging. What you
need is an outside authority—I suggest Linux.
You can download a “Live” Linux CD which
won’t install anything on your computer but
which will boot Linux for as long as the CD (or
DVD) is in your disc drive. I suggest you use
Ubuntu:
Go to the Ubuntu website using a working
computer, download the current CD or DVD,
whichever you prefer (DVDs have more stuff
but take longer to download), burn the CD or
DVD, and put it in your computer. Reboot your
computer and see if it works.
If Linux can get your computer to work, then
there’s nothing wrong with the hardware—
there’s something wrong with Windows, which
brings us to our next tip for how to repair your
computer:
5—Reinstall Windows
In the Windows 95 and 98 days, we used to
reinstall Windows about once a year just to
keep things moving smoothly. That was the
great thing about Windows XP—it was stable
for much longer periods. But if you get a
problem in Windows which you can’t fix any
other way, reinstalling Windows is still your
best option.
It’s important to backup all of your important
files before you reinstall Windows. If your
computer won’t boot Windows, either use the
Linux method described above to access your
files and copy them to DVDs or external hard
drives, or take the hard drive out of your
computer and use an external hard drive
adapter to copy the files to another computer.
After backing up your files, reinstalling
Windows should be easy. Most computers
these days let you reinstall Windows from a
special entry in your boot menu—if you can’t
find that option, consult the manual which
came with your computer or use a working
computer to search for your model of computer
on the Internet.
6—Blowing Your
Problems Away
If the problem with your computer is hardware,
not software, there may not be much you can
do. Most modern electronics are not field
serviceable—if they’re broke, they’re junk.
However, there is one thing you can do to
bring some electronics back to life: blow on
them.
Specifically, blow the dust off of them. Dust is
a powerful insulator—it’s technically almost
exactly the same stuff (primarily cellulose)
used in high-end home insulation to help keep
heat inside your house during the winter and
outside during the summer.
With the dust holding the heat inside your
computer, parts begin to fail. Most modern
electronics are only designed to work up until
about 35 Celsius or 110 Fahrenheit before
automatically shutting off to prevent severe
damage or fire.
If you get rid of the dust , your parts won’t get
as hot and they may begin to work again. But
let me warn you: heat-damaged parts are more
likely to fail than undamaged parts, so don’t
expect miracles.
To clear the dust out of your powered-off
computer, grab a handkerchief, cover your eyes,
inhale through the handkerchief, and blow as
hard as possible without spitting. Alternatively,
you can work much faster (although not quite
for free) by using a can of compressed air from
your local supermarket or office supply store.
7—Your Last Resort
If none of the techniques described above
helped you fix your computer, I suggest you
call for help. Call the manufacturer—even if
your computer is out of warranty. Most
manufacturers have toll-free support numbers,
so the call won’t cost you anything and the
worst that can happen is that they’ll be unable
to help you for free. On the other hand, they
may know a free way to repair your computer .
EASY AND WORKING WAYS TO CHANGE ANY ANDROID PHONE IMEI NUMBER
Changing the IMEI of your MTK /
Android is now possible, this includes for MTK
6577 / 6575 android devices, e.g:- Tecno,
Gionee, Infinix, and few others, and this post will
show you how to do it using Mobile Uncle Tools.
NOTE:
1. This tweak was initiated for the main purpose
of educating our readers, we will Not be held
responsible if this info is used for any illegal
activity.
2. We reserve the right that if you get your device
bricked during the process stated below, We
won't be held responsible for any Damages.
Meanwhile this post should be useful if your
MTK phone is having problem registering your
SIM to your network. Probably due to change of
location.
That's by the way, but we assure damaging your
device during procedure is nothing to worry
about, you'll get it successfully done within
seconds if you follow the Steps below carefully:
1. A Rooted Android (MTK 6577 / 6575)
2. A valid IMEI number
3. The MobileUncle MTK Tools from PlayStore
N.B
Note that when you use IMEI number of your old
unused mobile phone, be sure to never insert a
SIM of same network again.
i.e >> If you use a Glo sim on a Blackberry (or
any other phone), after you copied and use the
Blackerry's IMEI into your Android, your Glo will
work fine on your Android. But be sure not to
insert that same Glo SIM into the Blackberry
again, If you do and switch it on, the sim will not
register to the network.
After getting the above ready, follow the
Procedures below:
1. Dial *#06#, write down your Default IMEI, or
Simply Back it up on ur SDcard >> See this Post
on How to Backup IMEI on Android.
2. Run the MobileUncle tools App
3. Go to >> Engineer Mode >> Engineer Mode
(MTK)
4. Scroll down to CDS Information
5. CLICK >> Radio Information
You'll see something like:
Phone1 -
Phone2 -
In that select Phone2, because in most of these
Chinese cloned phone, the 1st Sim which is a 3G
will work perfectly. Problem only happens when
we insert the second sim. Such cases are
experienced if after you check, you can see the
IMEI of 1st sim starting with 35xxxxx and the
2nd will start with 88xxxxxxxx. That is why the
second sim is not able to register to the
network, because its not in international
formatted IMEI. So usually we need to change
the IMEI of Phone 2.
When you select any of Phone1 or Phone2 -
you'll find AT+ __________
Inside there input your new IMEI number,
click >> SEND AT COMMAND
That's all!
Some devices are different and may want to
prove stubborn, so here's an extra tip just in
case the steps above didn't work for you.
TO CHANGE IMEI FOR SIM1 OR
DEVICES WITH ONE-SIM ONLY:
Type the following command then Press Enter or
click SEND AT COMMAND
echo ‘AT+EGMR=1,7, “IMEI_NUMBER” ‘
>/dev/
pttycmd1
TO CHANGE IMEI FOR SIM2 (DUAL
SIM):
If your phone is dual-sim, type this
command: echo ‘AT+EGMR=1,10,
“IMEI_NUMBER” ‘ >/dev/pttycmd1
Press ENTER or SEND AT COMMAND
if you get errors saying "Sending Failed" or
"module not supported for device errors"
When you get the AT+EGMR
Make sure you leave a Space between ‘AT
+EGMR= (and) the IMEI Number
For example > ‘AT+EGMR=
[space]"2345XXXXX"
Now Click SEND AT command, You'll get
response "AT command is mSent"
Now restart your Infinix Hot. That's all.
Yes we are done… now you can restart the phone
and check the IMEI. See if it worked by dialing
*#06#
EXTRA TIP: FOR THOSE USING GLO NG
You can get 3gb and use it to browse after you
change it to IMEI of Blackberry phone.
Activate a Glo BIS Plan.
Comonth to 777 (3GB) for
1,000Naira
Coweek to 777 (700Mb) for
400Naira
Set APN - blackberry.net
Android is now possible, this includes for MTK
6577 / 6575 android devices, e.g:- Tecno,
Gionee, Infinix, and few others, and this post will
show you how to do it using Mobile Uncle Tools.
NOTE:
1. This tweak was initiated for the main purpose
of educating our readers, we will Not be held
responsible if this info is used for any illegal
activity.
2. We reserve the right that if you get your device
bricked during the process stated below, We
won't be held responsible for any Damages.
Meanwhile this post should be useful if your
MTK phone is having problem registering your
SIM to your network. Probably due to change of
location.
That's by the way, but we assure damaging your
device during procedure is nothing to worry
about, you'll get it successfully done within
seconds if you follow the Steps below carefully:
1. A Rooted Android (MTK 6577 / 6575)
2. A valid IMEI number
3. The MobileUncle MTK Tools from PlayStore
N.B
Note that when you use IMEI number of your old
unused mobile phone, be sure to never insert a
SIM of same network again.
i.e >> If you use a Glo sim on a Blackberry (or
any other phone), after you copied and use the
Blackerry's IMEI into your Android, your Glo will
work fine on your Android. But be sure not to
insert that same Glo SIM into the Blackberry
again, If you do and switch it on, the sim will not
register to the network.
After getting the above ready, follow the
Procedures below:
1. Dial *#06#, write down your Default IMEI, or
Simply Back it up on ur SDcard >> See this Post
on How to Backup IMEI on Android.
2. Run the MobileUncle tools App
3. Go to >> Engineer Mode >> Engineer Mode
(MTK)
4. Scroll down to CDS Information
5. CLICK >> Radio Information
You'll see something like:
Phone1 -
Phone2 -
In that select Phone2, because in most of these
Chinese cloned phone, the 1st Sim which is a 3G
will work perfectly. Problem only happens when
we insert the second sim. Such cases are
experienced if after you check, you can see the
IMEI of 1st sim starting with 35xxxxx and the
2nd will start with 88xxxxxxxx. That is why the
second sim is not able to register to the
network, because its not in international
formatted IMEI. So usually we need to change
the IMEI of Phone 2.
When you select any of Phone1 or Phone2 -
you'll find AT+ __________
Inside there input your new IMEI number,
click >> SEND AT COMMAND
That's all!
Some devices are different and may want to
prove stubborn, so here's an extra tip just in
case the steps above didn't work for you.
TO CHANGE IMEI FOR SIM1 OR
DEVICES WITH ONE-SIM ONLY:
Type the following command then Press Enter or
click SEND AT COMMAND
echo ‘AT+EGMR=1,7, “IMEI_NUMBER” ‘
>/dev/
pttycmd1
TO CHANGE IMEI FOR SIM2 (DUAL
SIM):
If your phone is dual-sim, type this
command: echo ‘AT+EGMR=1,10,
“IMEI_NUMBER” ‘ >/dev/pttycmd1
Press ENTER or SEND AT COMMAND
if you get errors saying "Sending Failed" or
"module not supported for device errors"
When you get the AT+EGMR
Make sure you leave a Space between ‘AT
+EGMR= (and) the IMEI Number
For example > ‘AT+EGMR=
[space]"2345XXXXX"
Now Click SEND AT command, You'll get
response "AT command is mSent"
Now restart your Infinix Hot. That's all.
Yes we are done… now you can restart the phone
and check the IMEI. See if it worked by dialing
*#06#
EXTRA TIP: FOR THOSE USING GLO NG
You can get 3gb and use it to browse after you
change it to IMEI of Blackberry phone.
Activate a Glo BIS Plan.
Comonth to 777 (3GB) for
1,000Naira
Coweek to 777 (700Mb) for
400Naira
Set APN - blackberry.net
Wednesday, 11 March 2015
SOLUTION OF LIFE
BEFORE YOU CAN GET A SOLUTION TO YOUR PROBLEM YOU MUST KNOW YOUR PROBLEM FIRST, WITHOUT YOU KNOWING YOUR PROBLEM YOU CAN'T GET THE SOLUTION TO IT
Friday, 6 March 2015
35 WAYS TO MAKE MONEY THAT ACTUALLY WORK
35 WAYS TO MAKE MONEY
THAT ACTUALLY WORK!
This
article originally began as ‘ways for teens to make money’, but as I
have updated and added to it over the years, I have found that many of
the items listed actually work for many adults looking to make some extra income
as well.
I can remember my teenage days well. I didn’t want to work, but I needed to make money as well. to support my social life. So I umpired, cut grass, and bagged groceries.I didn’t particularly love any of the jobs, but in order to offset my spending, I needed to work.
The good news for us today is there are a wide range of ways to make money- that weren’t around when I was a teenager.
Luckily for many of us, we may already be very skilled in certain areas that could easily translate into a nice side income for us.
So potentially, someone who is willing to work hard could make considerably more than working traditional “jobs” like at McDonalds, cutting grass, bussing tables, etc. For even more, check out these 5 legit work-from-home job opportunities.
THE 35 WAYS TO EARN MONEY
1Get paid to drop Google
InboxDollars is another A+ rated online rewards program that differentiates themselves by offering cash payouts, and right now you can instantly get a $5 bonus just for confirming your email address after signing up.
You
can earn with them by doing the things you are already doing online:
using their search engine, printing coupons, watching videos, shopping
online, etc.
One of the easiest ways to start earning without spending
any time is to make their search engine your homepage. And then
automatically you will be earning money every time you search.
After signing up, just click “Search” in the navigation bar, and then click “Make this my home page” like in the image above. every time you search.
You won’t get rich just using the search engine, but it is free money that you are missing out on by using Google.
You can sign up for FREE (and get your $5 bonus) here.
2Make Money Online with Swagbucks
Basically this is a free site that offers you a bunch of ways to earn cash, gift cards, or other rewards.You can earn money by a variety of methods including:
- Answering polls
- Using their search engine
- Doing simple tasks (like giving feedback about a website)
- Getting cash back for shopping online
- Taking surveys
- Playing games on their site.
Oh and they also have an A+ rating with the BBB.
3Freebie Trading
A couple years ago I did an interview with a guy who made $28,000 in one year doing this part time. It is work and requires organization skills to do it well, but it is legit.I tried my hand at it using Project Payday and their training materials to see that it was legit.
Basically companies are willing to pay you to do trial offers for their products. They know that many people who do the trial offer will like their product and continue to be customers, so they are willing to pay people to sign up for trial offers.
So one of the main ways of making money freebie trading is signing up for offers like a Free Netflix trial, emusic.com, applying for a Discover Card, etc. The key to success seems to be having a calendar where you can keep track of when the trial periods end and make sure to cancel before they end.
If you are interested in learning more I definitely recommend Project Payday as they have a ton of training guides (free if you complete a couple offers) that will greatly simplify the process. Oh and they have a A+ rating with the BBB as well.
4Get paid for testing websites
Many big companies are looking for feedback about the usability of their website.This is where Usertesting.com comes in. You sign up for free and then answer questions about a particular website, explaining what is good or bad, confusing or clear, etc. and then you get paid.
You have to be accepted into the program and must be 18+, but the payouts are pretty good! Their current payouts are $10-$15 per test and the tests normally take about 20 minutes.
I found the video below from a tester explaining how it works.
For more information check out UserTesting.com
5Raise Money Online
If you are raising money for a community service project or missions, you might want to check out a site like GoFundMe.com. They make it easy for teens to raise money for any type of project. People have used it to raise the money for everything from mission trips to medical bills, weddings and honeymoons, business ventures, and even college tuition.6Sell stuff on eBay
I just recently made $2145 in one month selling stuff from around the house on Ebay and Craigslist.You can even sell stuff for friends or family members and split the profits with them.
7Buy and Sell cars for profit
If
you love cars and aren’t afraid to haggle, you could start a car
flipping biz. We have a friend of the family who has done this for
years. He scours the classified listings for deals, lands a good deal
and then drives the car while trying to sell it for a couple grand more.Sometimes he sells them quickly, sometimes it takes a little longer, but he gets to drives lots of cars (which he loves) and makes a nice side income as well.
Here is an online course to help you get started.
8Freelance Write
As they say on the web “content is king” and everyone wants it. Places like Elance or Odesk have thousands of different job openings available for freelance writers. If you are not in a rush for receiving compensation and know how to do keyword research, there is money to be made writing at Hubpages. For more on this method, check out How to make money with Hubpages.9Sell your closet (without Ebay or a Garage Sale)
If you are anything like my wife, you have a closet full of old clothes that you don’t wear any more.You can easily sell them on a site like ThredUp, which will pay anywhere from $2-$25 for items from Gap, Banana Republic, J.Crew, etc. You can click here and then scroll down to the bottom to see what items may sell for.
What I love about them is that all you have to do is pack up your clothes in a box and then just ship it to them – you don’t even have to pay for shipping!
The image below is from their site explaining how it works:
Find out more about them here!
10Take online surveys
I am not particularly fond of the whole online survey thing since I had a bad experience using CashCrate.But there are lots of online survey sites and people who do it successfully. Here are a few if you want to investigate it further:
I recommend proceeding with caution and definitely not paying anything to join.
11Work as a virtual call center agent
One of our writers worked as a virtual call center agent and this is what she had to say about LiveOps.com“Live Ops is a company that hires virtual call center agents. You are responsible for paying for your own criminal background check prior to starting work (this costs around $30). You also must have your own dedicated phone line and a quiet workspace.
Once you are all set up, Live Ops has an excellent online training program that teaches you how to handle calls from customers. You will be taking calls for many different companies. When you start working, your phone will ring and a script will pop up on your screen. You simply read the script word for word and input customer information as you go along. If customers have questions, there is a section on your screen with FAQ’s and you are also logged into a virtual chat room should you need to ask for support from a supervisor.
The pay is .25 per minute of talk time. Agents typically make anywhere from $7-$14 per hour. As for the hours, they are totally flexible. You can choose which shifts you want to work each week and the shifts are broken down into half hour increments giving you optimal flexibility. You can even log in and work if you are not scheduled for some impromptu cash.”
12Get Paid to Shop
There is a cool app (Android and iPhone) called IBOTTA that pays you for your everyday shopping that you do. It is completely free and pretty easy to use.Just watch the quick video for more info, or click here to get started.
13Build Websites For Others
I can’t tell you how many people have asked me to build them a website since I started this one a couple years ago. I am not seeking the work and people are requesting it, so if you do a little legwork and pursue small business owners, there is a lot of work available. Teens might be great for this, because they would be able to work for less than some higher end website developers, which would put them in the price range that it seems many small businesses are looking to spend. Here is a great course to help you get started.14Get paid to Tweet
Did you know that advertisers will pay you to send out tweets about their products?As you could imagine the bigger your audience the more you will get paid, but you can find out more here – SponsoredTweets.com.
15Use Bookscouter to sell books from Thrift stores
Ok here is a simple business idea for you.Start by downloading the BookScouter app on your phone or going to BookScouter.com.
Go visit garage sales or thrift shops and scan the used book sections to find books that you can sell for higher prices.
Many thrift stores sell all their books for 50 cents or less and some of those books are worth a whole lot more.
As you can see in the image to the right, you just scan the barcode with your phone (or enter the ISBN #) and then the app provides the prices that a bunch of book buyback sites are willing to pay for that particular book.
In this case, we can make $3.60 selling this Dave Ramsey book. If I can buy it for 50 cents, then that sounds like a nice profit.
16Tutor or give lessons
Are you great at guitar, math, or kicking a field goal?Why not advertise your skills to those a few years younger than you?
Many parents are willing to pay a teenager to tutor their child in an area that needs development.
Post an ad to Craigslist for free and see what happens!
17Create Facebook Graphics or Pages
or Twitter backgrounds for that matter.Lots of small business owners are needing help making their online presence not so lame. If you have even the smallest amount of graphic design skill you can help some of them!
Just set up a simple site to sell your work, get a paypal “buy it now link” and you are off and running.
18Get paid $35/hr with Lyft
Not sure if you’ve heard, but Lyft is an app that basically eliminates the need to ever call a taxi. Instead of calling a cab, you just click “request driver” and then a Lyft driver gets a notification and comes and picks you up.The service is way faster than calling a cab and is about half the price. I say all that to say that as a driver for Lyft, you use your own car, drive only when you want to, and (according to the website) get paid $35/hr. Not too shabby.
19Start a business doing what you love
If you have ever wanted to start a business, here is a truly great course to help you get started. It isn’t free, but I went through it and could not believe how thorough of a step-by-step the course is. It is packed with very detailed tips, tricks, and suggestions on exactly what you need to do to start a business and start making money.They are so confident in the success of their students that they guarantee you will make $1,000 from you business in 60 days or they will refund all your money.
It truly is a great course, and I highly recommend if you are wanting to start a business of any kind.
Read more about it here.
20Rent out your car for $10+ an hour
I just heard about RelayRides.com which allows you to either rent or lend your car to others – and get paid in the process. If you live in a big city, this could be pretty profitable!21Blogging
Two years ago I wasn’t sure if there was money to be made blogging, but I have since found it to work out nicely. It isn’t something that will provide much income quickly, but if you stick at it, it can.Since I have been a full-time blogger for many years now, I wrote extensively about how to make money from a blog for those who are interested in this type of thing.
22
Rent out your home on AirBNB
AirBNB is a site that allows you to rent out your home to other people who may just want to visit where you live.You can rent it out as little or as much as you want and can list it to rent by the night, week, or month. They offer a $1,000,000 guarantee to protect you from any kind of property damage that was caused by renters.
They also have a renter rating system, so you can choose whether or not you want to rent it out to a particular renter. Check out the video below for more:
If you are interested, find out more at their site.
23Social Marketing Consultant
Many companies are looking for qualified candidates who know the ins and outs of Myspace, Facebook, and Twitter to help them with their social marketing efforts. Head over to a job site and search for “social media marketing”.24Sell articles
Following in that same vein, you can sell articles you write at places like Constant-Content.com, ArticleSale.com, Helium.com.25Start an eBay business
Last year I experimented with starting an eBay business to see if there was money to be made. While profit margins can be thin selling on eBay, there are over a million eBay businesses, so it is a viable option.
26Sell Digital Photos
Making money as a photographer has become easier over the last decade. There are now lots of sites looking to buy digital photos:As with most things, the better you are, the more money you will make, but it can be a nice passive income if you work at it!
27Find odd-jobs on Craigslist
Some of these might be landscaping work, or similar odd-jobs, but it might be great summer-time work!28Sell widgets on Etsy.com
If you create any kind of arts or crafts or widgets of any sort, you should definitely be selling it on Etsy.com. Read our step-by-step tutorial of how to set up your Etsy shop.29Design Web Logos
If you have a flair for design, it may be worth trying to make some money designing logos for small business or blogs.30Make Money by Viewing Ads On Your Android Lock Screen
I’ve been trying out this android app called Locket that puts ads on your lock screen and31Be a Mystery Shopper
This is the dream job isn’t it? You get to shop and get paid! The added bonus is that you secretly have recourse when you are treated poorly in the store.32Offer to do jobs on Zaarly.com
Zaarly is a website that connects those offering random services (like walking a dog, being a personal assistant for a day, giving guitar lessons, etc) with buyers who are looking for those services. I would suggest checking out some of the ideas listed on the site and sign up and offer those services.33Get paid from your iPhone (smartphone)
There seem to be some apps popping up that pay you to do simple stuff like take a picture of a menu, or of yourself drinking a starbucks, or verifying that a road is closed – you get the picture. Here are a few that I found:34Teach English (or other Language) Classes Online
Did you know that English speakers are in high demand in Asia? As a result many are turning to freelance English teachers using websites like Italki.com. The site is basically a virtual online classroom for freelance teachers and students. Anyone can offer lessons (and set their own price) and anyone can take lessons. From a quick scan, it looks like making $15-20/hour is a fair expectation.35Sell Plasma or do Medical studies
Not sure how old you have to be, nor how painful it is, but if you are into that sort of thing, it can be a way to make some quick money.You can find plasma donation centers here or if you want to do medical studies, you can just google “medical studies” + your city to find some options.
I have a couple friends who have almost done this exclusively as a job. They were basically human guinea pigs, but they made some decent cash at it. Sometimes they would have be at the medical facility for up to 48 hours, so your schedule may need to be flexible.
This article was written by Bob
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